A Deep‑Dive Guide to The Philosophy of a People First Society

1. How does this philosophy redefine the concept of “human nature”?

Traditional economic and political systems assume humans are primarily self‑interested, competitive, and motivated by scarcity.

This philosophy rejects that framing as a structural artefact, not a biological truth.

It argues that what we call “human nature” is largely a reflection of the systems we live within.

Change the environment → change the behaviour → change the outcomes.

In this view, human nature is:

  • relational
  • adaptive
  • cooperative under conditions of security
  • meaning‑seeking
  • contribution‑driven

This is a foundational departure from neoliberal and classical economic assumptions.

2. Why is security considered the precondition for contribution?

Because fear distorts behaviour.

A person in survival mode cannot:

  • think long‑term
  • act ethically
  • participate meaningfully
  • contribute creatively
  • engage in community life

The Basic Living Standard is therefore not a welfare mechanism – it is a psychological and structural prerequisite for a functioning society.

Security → stability → contribution → community → resilience.

3. How does this philosophy reinterpret the purpose of work?

Work is not a commodity.

Work is not a transaction.

Work is not a mechanism for survival.

Work is participation in the life of the community.

This reframing dissolves the coercive relationship between employer and employee and replaces it with a contribution‑based model where:

  • people work because they are part of a community
  • work is meaningful
  • contribution is voluntary but natural
  • survival is not conditional on employment

This is a profound shift from the industrial and neoliberal worldview.

4. Why is locality the “natural scale” of human systems?

Because human beings evolved in small, relational groups where:

  • accountability was direct
  • decisions were transparent
  • consequences were visible
  • relationships were personal

Large, centralised systems create:

  • abstraction
  • detachment
  • bureaucratic distance
  • moral disengagement
  • power concentration

Locality restores the natural feedback loops that keep systems ethical and functional.

5. How does this philosophy challenge the concept of economic growth?

It argues that growth is not a measure of wellbeing – it is a measure of throughput.

GDP increases when:

  • people get sick
  • disasters occur
  • housing becomes unaffordable
  • debt expands
  • consumption accelerates

Growth is therefore not neutral – it rewards harm.

A People First Society replaces growth with:

  • resilience
  • sufficiency
  • regeneration
  • wellbeing
  • contribution
  • community health

This is a paradigm shift from extractive economics to human‑centred economics.

6. What is the philosophical justification for limiting property ownership?

Property accumulation creates power accumulation.

Power accumulation creates inequality.

Inequality creates dependency and coercion.

The philosophy argues that no person has the moral right to own more than they can use, because unused property becomes a mechanism of control over others.

Housing is therefore a right, not a commodity.

This is not ideological – it is structural ethics.

7. How does this philosophy understand value?

Value is not price.

Value is not profit.

Value is not scarcity.

Value is defined as:

anything that improves the wellbeing, freedom, dignity, or resilience of people, communities, or the environment.

This reframing collapses the entire logic of the money‑centric worldview.

8. Why does the philosophy reject interest, speculation, and financialisation?

Because they allow people to accumulate wealth without contributing anything of value.

Interest and speculation:

  • extract value without creating it
  • distort prices
  • create artificial scarcity
  • concentrate power
  • destabilise communities
  • reward non‑contribution

A People First Society requires that value only flows from contribution, not from ownership or manipulation.

9. How does this philosophy view governance?

Governance is not authority.
Governance is not hierarchy.
Governance is not control.

Governance is collective decision‑making about shared life.

The Circumpunct model reflects this:

  • no permanent power
  • no hierarchy
  • no distance between decision and consequence
  • leadership as service, not status
  • transparency as a moral requirement

This is governance as participation, not governance as rule.

10. What role does The Revaluation play in the transition?

The Revaluation is the psychological and cultural pivot that makes systemic change possible.

It is the moment when people collectively realise:

  • money is not value
  • growth is not progress
  • employment is not contribution
  • hierarchy is not leadership
  • centralisation is not stability
  • scarcity is not natural
  • competition is not inevitable

Without this shift, LEGS would be resisted.

With it, LEGS becomes the obvious next step.

11. How does this philosophy address the problem of power?

By dissolving the mechanisms that create it:

  • property accumulation
  • financial accumulation
  • hierarchical governance
  • centralised decision‑making
  • opaque systems
  • dependency structures

Power is not redistributed – it is deconstructed.

The system is designed so that no individual or organisation can accumulate disproportionate influence.

12. Is this philosophy compatible with modern technology and AI?

Yes – but only under strict conditions:

  • technology must serve human agency
  • AI must never replace essential human roles
  • systems must remain understandable at the human scale
  • digital tools must have non‑digital alternatives
  • local communities must retain control

Technology is a tool, not a trajectory.

13. How does this philosophy define freedom?

Freedom is not the absence of rules.

Freedom is not consumer choice.

Freedom is not individualism.

Freedom is:

the ability to live without fear, contribute without coercion, and participate without exclusion.

This requires:

  • security
  • dignity
  • community
  • transparency
  • meaningful work
  • environmental stability

Freedom is therefore a collective achievement, not an individual possession.

14. What is the ultimate purpose of a People First Society?

To create the conditions in which:

  • every person can live a good life
  • every community can be resilient
  • every environment can regenerate
  • every individual can contribute meaningfully
  • no one is left behind
  • no one is exploited
  • no one is coerced into survival

This is the philosophical north star.

15. What is the biggest misconception about this philosophy?

That it is idealistic.

In reality, the current system is the idealistic one – it assumes:

  • infinite growth
  • infinite resources
  • infinite stability
  • infinite human tolerance for inequality

This philosophy is grounded in lived reality, human psychology, ecological limits, and community logic.

It is not utopian.

It is necessary.

Further Reading:

This “Further Reading” section offers a set of resources that will deepen your understanding of the Local Economy & Governance System (LEGS), the Basic Living Standard, and the broader philosophy of a people-first society.

Each link explores a different facet of the philosophy, from practical implementation to foundational principles. Engaging with these readings will provide you with richer context, practical examples, and a more nuanced grasp of the ideas behind LEGS.

Whether you are new to these concepts or seeking to apply them, these resources will help you connect theory to practice and inspire new ways of thinking about community, governance, and human flourishing.

Ordered List of Further Reading

  1. The Local Economy & Governance System (LEGS) – Online Text
    https://adamtugwell.blog/2025/11/21/the-local-economy-governance-system-online-text/

Summary:

This foundational text introduces the LEGS framework in detail, explaining how local economies and governance can be structured to prioritise human dignity, participation, and sustainability. It’s ideal for readers seeking a comprehensive overview of the system’s mechanics and philosophical underpinnings.

Benefit:

Start here for a solid grounding in the core ideas and practical structure of LEGS.

  1. The Basic Living Standard Explained
    https://adamtugwell.blog/2025/10/24/the-basic-living-standard-explained/

Summary:

This article breaks down the concept of the Basic Living Standard, clarifying what it means in practice and why it is central to a people-first society. It addresses common questions and misconceptions, making it accessible for those new to the idea.

Benefit:

Read this to understand the practical implications and necessity of guaranteeing basic security for all.

  1. The Basic Living Standard: Freedom to Think, Freedom to Do, Freedom to Be – With Personal Sovereignty That Brings Peace to All
    https://adamtugwell.blog/2025/12/15/the-basic-living-standard-freedom-to-think-freedom-to-do-freedom-to-be-with-personal-sovereignty-that-brings-peace-to-all/

Summary:

This piece explores the philosophical and ethical dimensions of the Basic Living Standard, linking it to personal sovereignty and collective peace. It’s a reflective essay that connects individual freedom with societal wellbeing.

Benefit:

Recommended for readers interested in the deeper values and ethical commitments behind the LEGS philosophy.

  1. From Principle to Practice: Bringing the Local Economy & Governance System to Life (Full Text)
    https://adamtugwell.blog/2025/12/27/from-principle-to-practice-bringing-the-local-economy-governance-system-to-life-full-text/

Summary:

This resource provides practical guidance and real-world examples of how to implement the LEGS philosophy. It bridges the gap between theory and action, offering insights for communities and individuals ready to make change.

Benefit:

Essential for those looking to move from understanding to action, with concrete steps and inspiration for local transformation.

  1. Visit the LEGS Ecosystem
    https://adamtugwell.blog/2025/12/31/visit-the-legs-ecosystem/

Summary:

This link offers an overview of the broader LEGS ecosystem, showcasing projects, communities, and ongoing initiatives. It’s a gateway to seeing the philosophy in action and connecting with others on the same journey.

Benefit:

Explore this to find community, resources, and inspiration for your own involvement in the LEGS movement.

The Basic Living Standard: Not a Fix for a Collapsing Money-Centric System, but the People-Centric Foundation of a New One

Although initially overlooked after I first introduced it in my book Levelling Level, published on Amazon on 31 March 2022, the Basic Living Standard (BLS) has increasingly attracted interest from readers and visitors to my blog.

However, I have noticed that when people search for BLS using AI, a whole chain of stories and information—often including quotes attributed to me—has emerged, much of which is either out of context or entirely fabricated.

This is concerning, especially when those outside the mainstream are trying to share solutions and perspectives that challenge the compliance and blindness of today’s system.

We must recognise that the so-called AI takeover is being built on delivery levels that, in many cases, are no better than the efforts of a lazy teenager responding to an encouraging parent. And the outright creation of false information and narratives—even regarding work from independent voices—is troubling.

Given that AI now tells those seeking a quick overview that the Basic Living Standard is a way to fix our broken economic system, I feel it is time to clarify: while I believe BLS is a pivotal solution, it cannot and will not work within the current economic paradigm.

The integral priority of BLS is to put people, not money, first.

The Basic Living Standard: Not Intended for the Current Economic System

I have never created or published financial models or projections to ‘cost’ or predict the impact of BLS on the current economy or financial system, because the two are mutually exclusive.

BLS was not designed to be part of, or to work within, the existing paradigm, which makes it impossible to do so.

Decision-makers, legislators, and their influencers will not openly admit that our system is structured against equity and equality.

It is only because the system works progressively against these values that the disproportionate levels of wealth and benefits enjoyed by those in power can exist as they do.

Paying Lip Service to Parity

While the National Minimum Wage should be the benchmark or minimum earnings floor necessary for financial independence, the reality is that no person can be financially independent or live free of benefits, charity, or debt on this wage when working a typical 40-hour full-time week.

The current economic and financial system survives because the National Minimum Wage does not reflect the genuine cost of living for the lowest paid, who must then be subsidised by government benefits, seek help from charities such as food banks, or go into debt to meet the growing cost of living.

The FIAT, Neoliberal, Global-Driven Money System: The Perfect Crime?

A hard truth about our broken and collapsing system is that its design centres on wealth transfer and impoverishment, relying on the ongoing creation and addition of new money to the economy.

Currency debasement devalues the worth and ownership of the masses, while creating additional wealth for the elites and enabling them to secure property, public infrastructure, and ownership of everything devalued by their actions.

System Collapse and the Choice We Must Make

The finite lifetime of what may one day be considered one of the greatest ongoing crimes against humanity is fast approaching its end.

How the masses respond to financial and systemic collapse will dictate whether the Basic Living Standard, or a similar benchmark, forms the basis of a new people-centric economic and governance system.

This new system would put people back at the heart of everything, rather than the money-centric focus we have now.

The current system is collapsing because it is fundamentally corrupt and wrong.

Introducing a system like BLS within the current system—even under the name National Minimum Wage—could not achieve its true purpose, because implementing it honestly would speed up, if not immediately collapse the current money-centric system – and that’s why nobody in power today who benefits from this system will ever agree or willingly help for it to be done.

Embracing the Shift: Making Life About People, Not Money

If we accept and adopt an economy and governance system cantered on People, Community, and Environment, we will naturally move away from financial modelling, projections, profit margins, and all the tools that reinforce money as the only important value in life.

The Basic Living Standard provides a clear focus for the paradigm shift from money-centric beliefs to what everyone needs—not wants—and establishes the basic standard for independent living without dependency.

However, BLS is not a policy that can work in isolation or as an add-on to the current system. It is a fundamental building block of the universal change we must choose and embrace, because we cannot fix what cannot be fixed.

The Basic Living Standard: The Basis of a New Way of Living

By restarting, reestablishing, regenerating, reforming, and replacing our economic and governance systems, the Basic Living Standard becomes the benchmark for guaranteeing that the lowest paid can sustain themselves and be financially independent in return for a standard working week.

It requires all businesses, organisations, and systems within a new framework of economy and governance to realign with ensuring that every person experiences this minimum standard as the foundation of society, business, and culture.

Improving lives today really should be as simple as creating a Minimum Wage and changing everything for those who need help in one day. But changing perceptions is not the same as changing the way everyone thinks.

That is why the introduction of a system that genuinely works for everyone cannot be openly embraced before the pain of collapse and the reality it brings.

Everything we know today exists because of a system built around money as a value set—a flawed belief system we have all been conditioned to accept.

Only when this system fails and excludes people, step by step, do those affected awaken to the reality that something is fundamentally wrong.

Yet those excluded are often viewed by those still inside the system as the ones who are guilty and wrong.

Out of Our Problems, an Opportunity Awaits

The collapse offers a moment when the balance can flip, and those who have been excluded may reach a critical mass that signals to everyone participating in the money game that a better, equitable way exists.

However, ordinary people must see, understand, and accept this en masse.

Whatever happens next will lead to wholesale change—whether we choose it or simply go along with it.

Only by being aware and honest about what we need, rather than what we want, can we take the leap of faith necessary to change everything and contribute to the creation of a new system where people, community, and environment come first.

The Basic Living Standard offers a benchmark for the frameworks and opportunities of a new way of living. Yet, it will remain unknown and inaccessible to those unwilling to step away from the comfort of an unsustainable relationship with the past.

Money, democracy, ownership, business priorities, and practices are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the breadth and depth of necessary change.

Everyone must own and be part of the transformation ahead, because the change is about the needs of everyone, not just the wants of a privileged few.

There’s More…

In the coming days, and hopefully as soon as this week, my next book will be published, building on all I have been writing and sharing for over three and a half years.

Evolving directly from Our Local Future, first published in summer 2024, this latest work brings more detail and focus to the mechanics of implementing a new system for economy and governance, while simplifying previous concepts to make them more accessible and relatable.

The Basic Living Standard lies at its heart, and I am confident that we can flip everything to work for People, Community, and Economy, once we see the benefits and share the determination to implement a system and new code for life that truly works with equity and equality for all.

Any Fool Can Be a Politician

But it will take something very special to clear up the mess they’ve created

I recently heard it said that politicians are all psychopaths. It may have been in the script of some comedy-based show or drama I was watching. But the sentiment and what it reminded me of from my own experience of being in politics and working with many different politicians really struck home.

Whilst we can be certain that not all politicians are psychopaths, the evidence of our own eyes certainly suggests that the Government is under the control of either psychopaths, people with psychopathic tendencies or people who certainly behave like them; for the simple reason that no matter what the messaging from government and the establishment may say, the impact and delivery of both governance and policy is not focused upon what’s good for the electorate and our communities in any kind of good or human way.

However, before running away with the conclusion that every well known name we hear on the news is a psycho, it might be a better idea to consider the reality that things are more likely to have turned to complete shit, because of the way that the politicians we have behave so badly, selfishly and inconsiderately, and because of the character flaws and traits they typically have in common between them, that are impacting what they do and therefore us, in so many different ways.

Who really wants to be a politician and why?

This is a question that we should all be asking ourselves, a lot more frequently than we do.

The answer – when we really think about this and consider the real mechanics of how the political system puts its people onto the list of candidates on our ballot papers at election time – will soon begin to reveal many of the answers, not only to this, but to many other pressing questions about the way the U.K. is being run, that we all need to know.

Before going further, I will insert the caveat, that in my own experience, many people put themselves forward to become political party candidates with what we might all agree as being the best of intentions.

But that’s as far as any default allowance should ever go.

As even the best intentions can only really be considered for what they are, once we look at each candidate and ask the question ‘The best of intentions for who?’

Who politicians really serve is also an important and very timely question. Because if the current polls and polling are to be believed, the benches of our parliament and councils up and down the UK will soon be filled with people who’ve never been politicians before.

People who have nonetheless stepped up and become candidates for some political party like Reform, armed only with what for many of them will be the sincere belief that they will be the person to break the downward trend of everything we know and once elected will get things done.

But what things will they get done? And the things they aim to achieve will be good for who?

Beliefs built without foundation quickly get blown away then replaced

Few of those who are newbies to politics realise that there is a whole new set of rules at work for anyone and everyone to follow and work with in frontline or elected politics, just as soon as they have walked through the electoral door to an electoral ‘seat’.

By newbies I mean anyone who hasn’t personally held an elected office of any kind, at any level – whether they’ve never been politically active before, been on a pathway, been a lobby journalist or even an activist or commentator of some kind who has racked up millions of likes and followers on YouTube, because their words connect with people in some way.

If any candidate ‘won’ a ‘seat’ by being on a party ticket – no matter which party ticket they aligned their name with to get there, they will be on their own, rejected and probably on their way straight back out of the door, if they don’t do whatever they are told and say yes to whoever seems to be running things, whether they agree with it or not, from the moment the euphoria of ‘their’ election has died down.

Yes, finding common ground with other newbies and giving themselves a group voice can and will give them influence over some things.

But those things won’t be anything that will really change the things that really need to be changed in the way most entrants to politics sincerely intended, before they walked through the ‘elected’ door.

Most newbies, if not all, will find themselves facing a rather stark and deflating reality. That they have the choice of becoming part of the machine. Or at best to annoy their so-called political colleagues by attempting to do what is actually the right thing for the people who elected them and use their own voice – as they were elected to do so. Leaving them with very little they can do, when as a public representative, they should have been able to do so much.

The choice is rarely one that’s thought through consciously by those who have ‘arrived’. And that’s where many of the real problems with this mess of a political system begin.

Politics today is addictive for those foolish enough to believe the spin

Do ask yourself how many elected politicians you see, at any level, who resign the party whip at any point in a council or parliamentary term, and don’t immediately ‘walk the floor’ to join another party.

The reality is that very few do. And of those that do, most will have themselves been pushed out or in all likelihood found themselves questioning the whole purpose of politics; the electoral system and what being there or being part of it is really for – once they have seen the truth of how things really work.

The people who stay or try to move to another party, aren’t people who are there to represent you or I.

Being ‘in it to win it’, ‘staying in the tent’, or anything along those lines is a self serving myth that gives unscrupulous and ambitious politicians the excuse that they are ‘keeping their powder dry’ until it’s the right time – or rather when they get to the top. By which time they will of course no longer recognise any such need.

We have a party political and electoral system that guarantees the top-down functionality that minimises our influence

Politics in the UK isn’t the place for people who have the skills, experience and ability to change the things that need to be changed in this Country, today.

The party and electoral system that we have currently combine to ensure we either don’t get the right people in the majority of elected roles. Or that they are rejected by the party that put them there when there is even the smallest hint that we do.

The reality that any politician joining parliament, a council or entering any elected government role faces, is that the only politicians who are making meaningful decisions – or getting in the way of those that could stop people being harmed in some way, are those who are right at the very top of the top-down hierarchy that keeps them insulated from what people like you and me need.

Some truths about U.K. politics and our Electoral system, today

We say we have a democracy in the UK. Many believe that we do.

But we don’t choose the candidates on a ballot paper that we choose from.

We don’t choose the politicians who take key jobs in councils, in parliament or those who become mayors.

When we’ve voted and the votes have been counted, that’s the last moment that anything we have to say about anything will count or have meaning for anyone. Right up until the moment that the next election is called.

The system works and is controlled by the political parties who are all running in very similar ways to each other, by people with the same motives and same wishes to make it big in politics and be seen to be ‘the one’ who is in charge.

The only people who become political candidates, get elected, then stay, acquiesce, take part and contribute to what is a supposedly democratic form of government today by doing exactly whatever they are told, are yes men and yes women.

People who do and can only do well because they are on message and turn a blind eye to the needs of the people who put them there.

These people aren’t leaders or capable of leadership.

They are fools who live in fear of losing the roles that once elected they quickly perceive as being rightfully theirs.

All the time they are blind and deaf to the true responsibilities of what being a public representative demands them to be.

A downward system that takes everything downward as it keeps going down

The so-called leaders that we believe we currently have are just the latest incumbents on an intergenerational chain of weak, yes-men/yes-women politicians who have continuously said yes until they have found themselves right at the top.

Yet they can only maintain the pretence of leadership by saying yes to any advisor or specialist who tells them what to do, because they are not used to saying, meaning and being prepared to risk everything for themselves by putting those they represent first by saying no.

These people should never possess the power and responsibility they have, as they continually harm others by obsessively running from anything they believe will cause harm to themselves and the roles they now have.

This is not how leadership works. This is not how real change gets done.

These people are out of their depth. They have little or no view of real life or how the world works beyond their own perspective.

The politicians we have today have typically been corrupted by the power and influence that comes from having a role where they confuse having a microphone or camera rammed in their face, from the moment they are elected, as being only because they have been elected. Rather than it being because they are just the latest person to have been elected by voters or appointed by their political piers to carry out a particular role which commands public and media interest, no matter who they are.

Control, feeling in control, being seen to be in control, demonstrating that they are in control. These are the only things that are important to the would-be leaders we have in politics who cannot lead even themselves in any way.

Everyone and everything are a risk or threat to their position, once they reach the top.

So, they surround themselves with politicians who are even weaker and more inept or incompetent than they are.

The even weaker versions of themselves take over from them when their moment in the sun is done.

Then the process of replacing the weak with the even weaker begins all over again.

Fear and Power are a very dangerous mix

These politicians are people just like you and me.

But instead of being different in the ways that their position would make many of us expect, they are fearful in ways that everyday people fail to understand.

The level of fear of loss today’s political class have for themselves also makes them vulnerable to the whims and influence of those they look up to.

Much like an orphan meeting the parent that they never believed it possible to have, being certain that they will be protected in ways that will make them invulnerable against anything bad that they feel might otherwise lay in store.

The reality of our ‘leaders’

Some of those who have stepped into politics and made it to the political equivalent of the C suite without being rejected, spat out, sidelined or becoming victim to the many temptations that befall so many who have found themselves in these positions, and fallen into the trap of believing it was something special about themselves, began the process by being genuine in their desire to do something good.

However, this certainly wasn’t the case with them all.

There are many who have ended up on this gravy train, that has made life so intolerably bad for people who we all pass by in the streets each and every day, for no better reason than they wanted the job and the glory they believed it would give them. Probably from an early age.

But they also had no concept of what political influence can and should enable good public representatives to do.

They therefore have no passion for the responsibility they have and they lack the talent, skill and ability that responsibility to others also requires; that politics done for all the right reason inevitably always involves.

People who could be good politicians and have the selflessness and sense of public service that change requires, are either put off by what they discern as being no better than a circus of egos. Or they soon find out once they have stepped inside the system, that politics in the UK is no better than a fun house at a run-down traveling fair creating irreparable damage to every bit of ground it stands on.

The people who enter and stay in politics today and the people who really think they and only they can make the difference that none of the people they have watched on TV have managed so far, are the fools that have made the UK political system a fool’s paradise where those within believe that they really do know better than anyone else, and that their actions have no real life consequences for us all, beyond the immediate focus of whatever they have been led to believe they are doing.

The truth is that anyone who can say yes, look and sound the part, and not think twice to do whatever is demanded of them, to gain whatever they have been promised as the reward, will fit right into the political machine that exists in the UK today.

The political party or apparent political leaning of whatever the group or movement out in front of everyone else might be called doesn’t matter in any way.

The people who thrive in this system, at the cost of everyone they are supposed to represent, are fundamentally the same.

Uk Politics today is a game for fools, run by fools, that benefits only fools, and treats everyone outside of politics as if they are the fools.

We are all suffering now, as the direct result.